Surprising feedback improves later memory

Predictive Memory and the Surprising Gap

where P(E|H i ) determines the likelihood ratio that E is the case given H i (i.e., the context factor), and P(H i ) gives the prior probability that a particular memory will be needed (i.e., the history factor). For present purposes, two consequences that follow from this formulation are relevant. First, as Anderson and Milson (1989) remarked, given the multiplicity of elements present in a re...

Predictive Memory and the Surprising Gap

Melatonin improves spatial navigation memory in male diabetic rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin as an antioxidant on spatial navigation memory in male diabetic rats. Thirty-two male white Wistar rats weighing 200 ± 20 g were divided into four groups, randomly: control, melatonin, diabetic and melatonin-treated diabetic. Experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg kg-1 streptozotocin. Melatonin...

Dissociable effects of surprising rewards on learning and memory.

Reward-prediction errors track the extent to which rewards deviate from expectations, and aid in learning. How do such errors in prediction interact with memory for the rewarding episode? Existing findings point to both cooperative and competitive interactions between learning and memory mechanisms. Here, we investigated whether learning about rewards in a high-risk context, with frequent, larg...

A Model of Heteroassociative Memory: Deciphering Surprising Features and Locations

The identification of surprising or interesting locations in an environment is an important problem in the fields of robotics (localisation, mapping and exploration), architecture (wayfinding, design), navigation (landmark identification) and computational creativity. Despite this familiarity, existing studies are known to rely either on human studies (in architecture and navigation) or complex...